These therapies will be explored in the next article in this series. Tagged with: Coronavirus zone: diabetes Newly qualified nurses: systems of life. Sign in or Register a new account to join the discussion. You are here: Older people's nurses. Anatomy and physiology of ageing 7: the endocrine system. This article has been double-blind peer reviewed Scroll down to read the article or download a print-friendly PDF her e Click here to see other articles in this series. Key points The endocrine system regulates our physiology via a complex cascade of chemicals called hormones Hormones play an essential role in maintaining homoeostasis in the body Age-related hormonal changes can lead to the build-up of body fat, lower bone density, impaired blood glucose control and sleep disturbances Age-related changes to the endocrine system increase the risk of insomnia, fractures, type 2 diabetes and cognitive changes Exercising regularly and maintaining a low percentage of body fat may slow down some of the effects of ageing on the endocrine system.
Also in this series Anatomy and physiology of ageing 1: the cardiovascular system Anatomy and physiology of ageing 2: the respiratory system Anatomy and physiology of ageing 3: the digestive system Anatomy and physiology of ageing 4: the renal system Anatomy and physiology of ageing 5: the nervous system Anatomy and physiology of ageing 6: the eyes and ears Anatomy and physiology of ageing 8: the reproductive system Anatomy and physiology of ageing 9: the immune system Anatomy and physiology of ageing the musculoskeletal system Anatomy and physiology of ageing the skin.
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International Journal of Endocrinology ; Hegstad R et al Ageing and aldosterone. American Journal of Medicine ; 3, Jonas M et al Aging and the endocrine system. Knight J, Nigam Y Diabetes management 1: disease types, symptoms and diagnosis. Nursing Times ; 4, Croatian Medical Journal ; 5, Liamis G et al A review of drug-induced hyponatremia.
American Journal of Kidney Disease ; 1, Miller M Fluid balance disorders in the elderly. American Society of Nephrology online curricula: geriatric nephrology. Peeters RP Thyroid hormones and aging.
Hormones ; 7: 1, Portale AA et al Aging alters calcium regulation of serum concentration of parathyroid hormone in healthy men. American Journal of Physiology ; Journal of Physiology ; 3, Shamonki IM et al Age-related changes of calcitonin secretion in females. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism ; 3, Tiegs RD et al Secretion and metabolism of monomeric human calcitonin: effects of age, sex, and thyroid damage.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ; 4: Veldhuis JD et al Joint mechanisms of impaired growth-hormone pulse renewal in aging men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism ; 9: 7, Wade AG et al Efficacy of prolonged release melatonin in insomnia patients aged years: quality of sleep and next-day alertness outcomes.
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We use cookies to personalize and improve your experience on our site. Visit our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy to learn more. You can opt out of some cookies by adjusting your browser settings. More information on how to do this can be found in the cookie policy. Although it seems that hormone replacement therapy might be beneficial in older people with decreased function, such therapy generally does not appear to reverse aging or prolong life and, in some cases such as estrogen replacement in some older women , is potentially harmful.
However, ongoing research is examining the beneficial effects of providing some hormones to older people. Estrogen replacement in older women is discussed in Menopause Hormone Therapy for Menopause Menopause is the permanent end of menstrual periods and thus of fertility. Testosterone replacement in older men is discussed in Effects of Aging on the Male Reproductive System Effects of Aging on the Male Reproductive System It is not clear whether aging itself or the disorders associated with aging cause the gradual changes that occur in men's sexual functioning.
The frequency, duration, and rigidity of erections Merck and Co. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Common Health Topics. Biology of the Endocrine System.
Test your knowledge. Brinton RD. Neuroendocrinology of aging. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, chap Lobo RA. Menopause and aging. Elsevier; chap Walston JD. Common clinical sequelae of aging. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Updated by: David C. Editorial team. Aging changes in hormone production. It has two parts: The back posterior part stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus. The front anterior part produces hormones that affect growth, the thyroid gland TSH , adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, and breasts.
Aldosterone regulates fluid and electrolyte balance. Cortisol is the "stress response" hormone. It affects the breakdown of glucose, protein, and fat, and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects. With aging, men often have a lower level of testosterone. Women have lower levels of estradiol and other estrogen hormones after menopause. Hormones that usually decrease include: Aldosterone Calcitonin Growth hormone Renin In women, estrogen and prolactin levels often decrease significantly.
Hormones that most often remain unchanged or only slightly decrease include: Cortisol Epinephrine Insulin Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 Testosterone levels usually decrease gradually as men age. Menopause Female reproductive anatomy. Hormones Read more.
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